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In Java, there are certain restrictions on having multiple top-level classes within a single source file. The primary restriction is that only one top-level class is allowed per source file, and the file must be named after that class.

Here are the key points to consider:

1. Naming Convention: Each Java source file should be named after the single top-level class it contains. For example, if your class is named "MyClass," the source file should be named "MyClass.java". This convention helps maintain clarity and organization in the codebase.

2. Access Modifiers: Only the public and default (no modifier) access modifiers are permitted for top-level classes. If a class is declared with the public access modifier, it can be accessed from anywhere within the codebase. A class without an access modifier can be accessed only within the same package.

3. Package Visibility: Top-level classes that are not declared with the public access modifier have package visibility, meaning they can only be accessed within the same package. This restriction ensures encapsulation and helps maintain proper visibility control in the codebase.

4. Inner Classes: If you need to define multiple closely related classes within a single source file, you can use inner classes (nested classes) in Java. Inner classes are classes defined within another class and can be used to encapsulate related functionality. This allows for better organization and logical grouping of related classes.

By using inner classes, you can achieve multiple class definitions within a single source file while adhering to Java's restrictions on top-level classes. Inner classes have access to the members of the enclosing class, enabling closer interaction and encapsulation of related functionality.

In summary, Java restricts having multiple top-level classes within a single source file. Each source file should contain only one top-level class, named after the class itself. However, you can utilize inner classes to define multiple related classes within a single source file, maintaining encapsulation and logical organization of the codebase.

Note: These restrictions are specific to the Java programming language and are subject to the version of Java being used. It is always recommended to refer to the official Java documentation and specifications for the most accurate and up-to-date information regarding Java syntax and language rules. Java Course In Pune