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Introduction

The rapid advancements in the field of synthetic chemistry have led to the development of numerous novel psychoactive substances (NPS) that pose significant challenges to law enforcement agencies and public health organizations worldwide. Among these NPS, the synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) have gained considerable notoriety due to their ability to mimic the psychoactive effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive component of cannabis. One such synthetic cannabinoid that has garnered considerable attention is ADB-PINACA (N-[1-adamantyl]-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide), a potent agonist of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1). This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the synthesis, chemical composition, and applications of ADB-PINACA.

https://bbgate.com/media/adb-pinaca-synthesis.93/

Synthesis of ADB-PINACA

The synthesis of ADB-PINACA involves a series of chemical reactions, starting with the preparation of the indazole ring, followed by the introduction of the adamantyl and pentyl groups. The first step involves the reaction of 2-aminobenzylamine with isocyanates to form the corresponding isocyanate intermediate. This intermediate is then subjected to cyclization in the presence of a base to yield the indazole ring. The next step involves the introduction of the adamantyl group via an alkylation reaction using 1-adamantyl bromide. Finally, the pentyl group is introduced via another alkylation reaction using 1-bromopentane to yield ADB-PINACA.

Chemical Composition of ADB-PINACA

ADB-PINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist with a molecular formula of C20H27N3O and a molecular weight of 321.45 g/mol. The compound consists of a indazole ring, which is a heterocyclic aromatic compound containing a nitrogen atom, fused to a benzene ring. The indazole ring is substituted at the 1-position with a pentyl group and at the 3-position with a carboxamide group. The carboxamide group is further substituted with an adamantyl group at the nitrogen atom.

Pharmacology of ADB-PINACA

ADB-PINACA is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor, with a reported binding affinity (Ki) value of 0.56 nM. The compound has been shown to produce cannabimimetic effects, such as hypothermia, analgesia, and catalepsy, in animal models. The psychoactive effects of ADB-PINACA are mediated through its interaction with the CB1 receptor, which is widely distributed throughout the brain and peripheral tissues. The CB1 receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor that regulates various physiological processes, including neurotransmitter release, appetite regulation, and pain perception.

Applications of ADB-PINACA

The unique chemical structure and pharmacological properties of ADB-PINACA make it a valuable tool for studying the cannabinoid system and its role in various physiological processes. For instance, ADB-PINACA has been used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the psychoactive effects of THC. Additionally, ADB-PINACA has been used as a positive control in the development and validation of assays for the detection of synthetic cannabinoids in biological samples. However, the abuse potential and health risks associated with ADB-PINACA necessitate stringent regulations and control measures.

Conclusion

In conclusion, ADB-PINACA is a potent synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist with a well-defined synthesis and chemical composition. The compound has shown promise as a valuable tool for studying the cannabinoid system and its role in various physiological processes. However, the abuse potential and health risks associated with ADB-PINACA necessitate stringent regulations and control measures. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the therapeutic potential and safety profile of ADB-PINACA.