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Survey equipment encompasses a range of tools and instruments used by surveyors to measure and map the physical features of the land accurately. These tools are essential in various fields, including construction, engineering, and cartography, enabling precise determination of distances, angles, elevations, and positions. The primary types of survey equipment include:

1. Total Stations: These are electronic/optical instruments used for measuring angles and distances. They integrate a theodolite with an electronic distance meter (EDM) and are crucial for tasks requiring high precision, such as boundary surveys and topographic mapping.

2. Theodolites: Traditional instruments used for measuring horizontal and vertical angles. Modern theodolites are often incorporated into total stations.

3. Levels: Used to determine elevations. There are several types, including automatic levels, digital levels, and laser levels, each suited for specific tasks like leveling ground or setting grades.

4. GPS/GNSS Systems: Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers are used for determining precise locations. These systems are essential for geodetic surveys and large-scale mapping projects.

5. Laser Scanners: These devices capture detailed 3D representations of environments and objects, making them invaluable in applications like building information modeling (BIM) and archaeological documentation.

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